194 NOTES ON १८ तस्य भावः ०पुत्रता तया गर्वितः. दुःशिक्षित ...दुर्ललितः badly taught, or impudent, or nanghty on account of his being an only son. एकता तेन दुर्ललितः. सर्वप्रकारैः उपकारिणः. खेदमेवं कुर्यात् he wond thus show disgust with. अनुबन्धाद्रिमेद्वा or would cease in his attacb. ment (to his elders ). रम्, though आत्मनेपदिन्, takes परस्मैपद necessarily when preceded by वि, आ and परि, according to <व्याङ्प रिभ्यो रमः ' पा° I. B. 88. रम् with वि (to stop, desist) goverms the ablative according to bhe वार्तिक ‘जुगुप्साविरामप्रमादार्थानामुपसंख्यानम्’ on ‘अपादाने पञ्चमी’ पू० II. 3. 28( verbs having the sense of
- disgust cessation' and 'mistake' govern the ablative ). प्रशम
कालः this is not (the proper ) time for such a calmness (of mind, as he is striving for ). प्रशमः means वैराग्यम्. According to ancient Indian ideasthere were four आश्रम s (stages of life } through which a man was to pass. The first was ब्रह्मचर्य (the period of studentship), then came गार्हस्थ्य ( the life of a house- holder ), then वानप्रस्थ्य and then the last stage, j४. Bhe life of a यति called (संन्यास or प्रव्रज्या). Note the following from जाबालोप निषत् ‘ब्रह्मचर्यं परिसमाप्य गृही भवेत् गृही भूत्वा वनी भवेत् । वनी भूत्वा प्रव्रजेत्’ Of course in rare cases a person became a यति just after ब्रह्मचर्य as said जाबालोपनिषत् also ‘यदि वेतरथा ब्रह्मचर्यादेव प्रव्रजंद्रहाद्वा is by the वनाद्वा ।. The मनुस्मृति 5ays ‘वेदानधीत्य वेदौ वा वेदं वाऽपि यथाक्रमम् । अविप्लुतब्रह्मचर्यो गृहस्थाश्रममावसेत् |P III. 2. प्रशम was a quality that slonld be characteristic of a वानप्रस्थ or यति and the time when a man should become a वानप्रस्थ is indicated in the following verse ‘गृहस्थस्तु यदा पश्येद्वलीपलितमात्मनः। अपत्यस्यैव चापत्यं तदरण्यं समाश्रयेत्।। मनुस्मृति VI2 ( when a householder saw wrinklos on his body; had grey hair and grandchildren, then he may resort to a forest). वै० was barely out of his teens and so a life of was, as shown above, most unsuited to him. विद्वज्ज-..निवेशितःe has not yet been placed in the order of a householder which is fit for learned men. As वैe was not married, he was not then a गृहस्थ. The मनुस्मृति praises the गृहस्थाश्रम highly in chaptar III verses 77-80. ‘यस्मात्रयो ऽप्याश्रमिणो शानेनानेन चान्वहम् । गृहस्थेनैव धार्यन्ते तस्माज्येष्ठाश्रमो गृही ।। मनु II78. देव ...गतः he has not yet paid of the debb due to gods Manes and men. आनृण्यम् freedom from debt. अविद्यमानं ऋणं यस्य सः अनृणः तस्य भावः आनृण्यम् Even from the most ancient times it was believed that a man had to discharge three debts, vis, to gods, Manes and sages, which he discharged espectively by sacrifices, by producing children and by the study of the Vedas. Note the श्रुति text ‘जायमानो वै ब्रह्मणस्त्रिभिर्हणवाआयते ब्रह्मचर्येण ऋषिभ्यो यज्ञेन
