पृष्ठम्:A Sanskrit primer (1901).djvu/१९५

Lesson XLIII. 179 (47) it at last. 12. An ascetic shall eat only 240 mouthfuls in a inontb (loc.). 13. “Kindle the fire; cut branches for firewood (AfyA); milk the cows; grind grain ": thus said one priest to another early in the morning. 14. The teacher entrusted (fa-45) the scholars with the copying of the books (cpd., dat.). 15. The invuntain - range Himavant checks the course of the clouds with its exceedingly-high peaks. 16. The doers-of-right (oaia) are bappy in Heaven, enjoying the fruits-of-their-works. 17. A king wbo has conquered a foreign realm must not exterminate the royal-family. 18. Aryans must kindle the domestic-fire at the time-of-the-wedding. 19. Women pounded the rice with pestles. Lesson XLIII. 447. Verbs. Perfect-System. In the later language the perfect- system comprises only an indicative mode and a participle, each both active and middle. Its formation is essentially alike in all verbs; its characteristics are: 1. reduplication; 2. distinction of strong and weak forms; 3. endings in some respects peculiar; 4. the fre- quent use of the union-vowel i. 448. Reduplication. 1. Initial consonants are reduplicated ac- cording to the rules given in Less. XLI for the reduplicated pre- sent-stem. 2. Medial and final vowels, short and long, are represented by the corresponding short vowel, diphthongs by their second element; but (or #T) is represented always by 7, never by g as in the reduplicated present-sten. Thus, H, EA; et, het; fH, fafa; a, fha ; TT, FIT; Q . 3. Initial 7, followed by a single consonant, becomes #T (through 4-7); thus, g, #T. 4. Initial 7 and 3 follow the same analogy; but in the strong O Univ Calif - Digitized by Microsoft ®