An example an illustration thereof.
22. In the case of an elliptical figure the (shorter) diameter is 12, and the longer diameter is 36. What is the circumference and what is the (resulting) area (thereof)?
The rule for arriving at the (resulting) area of a conshiform curvilinear figure:-
23. In the case of a conchiform curvilinear figure, the measure of the (greatest) breadth diminished by half the measure of the mouth and multiplied by three gives the measure of the perimeter. One third of the square of half (this) perimeter, increased by three-fourths of tho square of half the measure of the mouth, (gives the area)
An example in Illustration thereof.
24. In the case of a conchi-form figure the breadth is 18 hastas, and the measure of the month thereof is 4 (hastas). You tell me what the perimeter is and what the calculated area is.
The rule for arriving at the (resulting) area of the concave and convex circular surfaces:-
25. Understand that one-fourth of the circumference multiplied by the diameter gives rise to the calculated (resulting) area. Thence, in the case of concave and convex areas like that of a
23. If a is the diameter and m is the measure of the month, then is the measure of the circumference; and is the measure of the area. The exact shape of the figure is not clear from the description given; but from the values given for the circumference and the area, it may be conceived to consist of 2 unequal semicircles placed so that their diameters coincide in position as shown in figure 12, given in the footnote to stanza 6, in this chapter.
25. The area here specified seems to be that of the surface of the segment of a sphere; and the measure of the area is stated to be, when symbolically represented, equal to , where c is the circumference of the sectional circle, and d is the diameter thereof. But the area of the surface of a spherical segment of this kind is equal to , where r is the radius of the sectional circle and h is the height of the spherical segment.
