[ v iii ]
the compound becomes intelligible. Such compounds are called समास. They are of six chief kinds.
द्वन्द्व compounds; रागः च द्वेषः च = रागद्वेषौ (iii. 34. ); पणवाः च आनकाः च गोमुखाः च = पणवानकगोमुखाः (i. 13.)
तत्पुरुष compounds ; देवानाम ईश = देवेश ( xi. 45. ); विस्मयेन आविष्टः = विस्मयाविष्टः ( xi. 14. )
कर्मधारय Compondे ; परमः आत्मा = परमात्मा (xv-17 )
द्विगु Compounds ;त्रयाणां गुणानां समाहारः = त्रैगुण्यम् ( ii. 45. )
बहुव्रीहि Compounds विजितानि इंद्रियाणि यस्य सः = विजितेंद्रेियः ( vi 8. ) ; ब्रह्मणा संस्पर्शः यस्य तत्= ब्रह्मसंस्पर्शम् ( vi. 28. )
अव्ययीभाव Compounds ; आत्मनः विषये= अध्यात्मम् ।
To solve these compounds it will be noticed that a know ledge of case-endings is necessary ; it is the case-ending which is struck out in a compound, and the meaning of the compound depends on this eliminated case-ending. Hence the next step of the learner is to familiarise himself with the case-endings, of which every noun has twenty-one–7 cases in a numbers, singular, dual and plural.
lV. Words.-(c) Declension of nouns. Words are mainly of two kinds ,names of things and names of actions, corresponding respectively to the cognition and action aspects of conscious ness. Mediating between the two, binding them together. as desire binds cognition and action, is the third kind of word, the preposition; it forms a separate word in the modern lang uages, for various evolutionary reasons, but in the Samskrit, it is hidden in and is a part of the noun itself, in the shape of the declensional termination, even as desire is hidden in the person, the actor, and is not something separate from him. Other
