[ xiv ]
First Preterite. 3rd p. अकुर्वतः (i, 1)
Second Future. 3rd p. मंस्यंते (ii. 35 )
2nd p. मोक्ष्यसे (i. 87 )
1st p. योत्स्ये ( ii. 9 )
Imperative Mood, 2nd p. तितिक्षस्व( ii. 14 )
Potential Mood 3rd p. प्रभाषेत ( ii. 54 )
lst p. भुञ्जीय (ii. 5 )
In the technical works on grammar, rules are given for the correct use of all the ten moods and tenses; thus the first preterite should be used when the event is older than the current day ; the 2nd when it occurred outside the speaker's personal knowledge : and the 3rd in any case; and so the lst future should be used when the event is expected very shortly. But these rules, as said before, are observed only in classical composition. There is also some reason to think that they do not represent accurately the real original distinctions. It is possible that the three pasts corresponded to the English imperfect' and 'pluperfect' &c.
The addition of prefixes entirely changes the meaning of the verb-root, as stated in the classical shloka on the subject.
उपसर्गेण धात्वर्थो बलादन्यत्र नीयते ।
प्रहाराहारसंहारविहारपारिहारवत् ।
The prefex violently drags away elsewhere the meaning of the verb-root; thus, with the common root ). to take away, प्रहार means a blow, आहार food, संहार destruction विहारplayand परिहार clearing away". A careful analysis shows that the idea of taking away is present in some shape or other throughout all these.
