पृष्ठम्:A Sanskrit primer (1901).djvu/३५

Introduction. 19 eo sten, and never being shifted to the endings; and the distinction of strong and weak forms is unknown. Moreover, the present-stem of every verb in the four classes of this conjugation ends in 7 a. There are also other points of difference. 76. The classification current among the Hindu, and hitherto among the European, grammarians comprises ten conjugation- classes, arranged according to no intelligible principle whatever. The native “tenth class” is really no present-class at all, but a causative, i. e. a derivative conjugation, which extends beyond the limits of the present-system. Probably the fact that by no means all conjugation-stems formed by the causative sign bad really a causative value induced the natives to adopt such a present-class. The Hindu scheme also quite omits the passive. 77. The Hindu first, sixth, fourth, and tenth classes form the so- called first conjugation of their scheme, which corresponds, except as regards the tenth class, with our second conjugation. The remainder of the classes form the natives' second conjugation, which agrees in the main with our first. 78. The classes are then as follows: Pes 00 First Conjugation. 1. The root-class (second or ad-class, of the Hindus); its present-stem is coincident with the root itself; thus, 7 ad, 'eat'; qigo'; fem dưiş, “bate'. II. The reduplicating class (third or hu-class); the rooi is reduplicated to form the present-stemi; thus, Je juhu from l' hu, “sacrifice’; 2 dadā from V'dā, “gire'. JII. The nasal class (seventh or rudh-class); a pasal, extended to the syllable na [na] in strong forms, is inserted before the final consonant of the root; thus, fær rundh (or Tuy runadh) from Ty rudh, "hinder'. 2* Univ Calif - Digitized by Microsoft ®