पृष्ठम्:Birds in Sanskrit literature.djvu/२१७

382 Birds in Sanskrit Literature bird is the पत्राटी of the कल्पद्रुकोश and the oldest names of the three forms, Black, White and Glossy are आटि, शराटि, and पनाटि, respectively. कवार (के मूर्ध्नि वाला: केशाः सन्ति अस्प) is another name for the Glossy Ibis and fully corresponds to पवाटी. Tantalus falcinellus given for it in M. Williams has now been changed to 'Plegadis falcinellus. 3. The white and the black varieties are known in Hindi as कचाटोर (also मुण्डा, 'the bald' and सफेद बुज्झा 'white striker?-fr. श्वेतविद्धक ?), and करांकल, respectively and the Glossy Ibis as कोवर or कोवारी. In Western India (Cutch) the Gujarati names of the Black and White Ibises are रण नो कागड़ो and रण नो घोलो कागड़ो i.e. 'the crow and the white crow of the Runn respectively. 4. Sanskrit synonyms relating to these birds are:- शरारिराटिराडिय-अमर. (i) (ii) आतिस्त्वाटि: शराटिका-वैजयन्ती. (iii) आटी भेदे तु पवाटी स्यान्नान्दीमुख इत्यपि-कल्पद्रु. (Cf. कवार, Tantalus falcinellus, the Glossy Ibis, per Wilson in M. Williams). (iv) दात्यूहः कालकण्ठक: अमर. (v) कालकण्ठनीलकण्ठौ... दात्यूहे .. शिखावले-हेमचन्द्र. (vi) शितिकण्ठस्तु दात्यूह काकमद्गुः कचाटुर:- त्रिकाण्डशेष. (vii) दात्यूहे कालकण्टकः – अभि. चिन्तामणि; मेदिनी. (viii) जलकाकस्तु दात्यूहः स च स्यात्कालकण्टकः । – राजनिघण्टु. (ix) बकः कहः -अमर (x) काकमत्स्यात्खगौ ध्वाङक्षी-अमर. (xi ) ध्वाङक्ष: काके वके–हेमचन्द्र. धूङक्ष्णा तु श्वेतकाकः स्यात् — वैजयन्ती. (xii) बके को बकोटवत्-अभि. चिन्तामणि. (xiii) बकः कङ्को बकोटा तीर्थसेवी च तापस:- धन्वन्तरि (xiv) बकोट: शुक्लवायसः–त्रिकाण्डशेष. बकस्तु शुक्लवायसः कल्पद्रु ( xv) पिचुल: जलवायसे—मेदिनी. 5. The first two synonymies mix up several birds including the anfe (v.1. आडि, आट, आटा, etc.) and शराटि as discussed in Art. 70, while the third regards पवाटी (the fully feathered), Glossy Ibis, as a variety of बाटी but incorrectly includes the नान्दीमुख (v.1. नन्दीमुखी), the Nukhta Duck, Art. 84-c. Nos. (iv) to (viii) relate to the Black Ibis as a black-necked bird like the Peacock, and call it दात्यूह and जलकाक. The epithet कालकण्टक most probably does not refer to its plumage as assumed in अभि. चिन्तामणि but to the red papillac on its head- कालं सिन्दूरमिव रक्तवर्णाः कण्टका: अढकुराः शिरसि यस्य; कालं 'red lead', Tbises 383 cf. कठाहक below and रक्तशीर्ष आटी of डल्हणाचार्य in Art. 70. काकमद्गु-the Cor morant, is placed in No. (vi) (see Art.74) where कचाटूर (v.l. कचादु: fr. का hair for a scar and अ to move, or कचेन शुष्कवणेन सह अटति in reference to the bald head and neck which also look as if burnt or scarred ) is the White Ibis known as कचाटोर in Hindi. The name जलकाक for the Ibises is preserved in Cutch, where the black form is known as the Crow of the Runn and the white as the White Crow of the Runn. More correctly, however, जलकाक should be the White and भूकाक the Black Ibis. The name जलकाक connects equations Nos. (x) (xiv) with the White Ibis, which is, therefore, हवास ( ध्वाद - पोर वामिते from the bird's booming call), कह (calling near water), बक, बकोट and शुक्लवायस as well. The constant association of this Tbis and the Common Grey Heron (क) with water and their habit of resting in स meditation are stressed by the epithets तीर्घसेवी and तापस in No. (xiii). 6. Reverting to equation Nos. (iv)-(viii), it seems advisable to consider the name वाल्यूह a little more closely. In its application to these birds it is possible to derive the word in two ways First from दालं or दाति — for a curved knife or sickle used in villages, in reference to the sickle-like bill of the birds-दात्रेण दात्या वा भक्ष्यमूहति प्राप्नोति स्त्रियां दातिः न द्वयोः दावं लविवं-- फल्प; कहः पूर्वाप्राप्तस्य उत्क्षेपणम् - शब्दकल्पद्रुम Cf. "Father Sickle", the name for the White Ibis in Egypt. Secondly, per क्षीरस्वामी on अमर-"द्वितीयं तृतीयं वा रूपं वहति विस्यवाद, तस्यापत्यं वात्यूहः” and this may well refer to a change from the feathered head or head and neck of the young to the baldness of these parts in the adult birds, as also to the third form, viz., the fully and permanently feathered Glossy Ibis; or again, the statement may refer to the three different forms (रूपाणि) of the Ibis found in the country. 7. आटी as Turdus ginginianus', now 'Acridotheres ginginianus', i.e. the Starling known as the Bank Myna; माटी मेद (w.r.of वाटीभेद) as “a name of a bird"; and वाटी for “a species of bird in Charaka" in M. Williams are all incorrect. आटीभेद is merely a descriptive expression meaning a kind of आटी' used to define पवाटी in No. (iii) above, and वाटी is the result of a faulty separation of the compound कारण्डवाटी into कारण्ड and वाटी instead of कारण्डव and बाटी. It occurs as "कारण्डवाटीजलवायसानां" (Coot, Black Ibis and White Ibis) in वसन्तराज, 8.14. Some editions of चरक also incorrectly give वाटी for बाटी. 8. Other names for the Black Ibis are (i) भूकाक (भूमी काक इन) as a kind ] in शब्दकल्पद्रुम, (ii) कठाहक same as दात्यूह or a kind of fowl' (M.W.). This is from कटाह the shell of a turtle (कटाह कूर्मकर्पर, तादृशं कं शिरो यस्य; the of 1. भूकाकः–स्वल्पकङ्क, कञ्च, नीलकपोत: These are (a) the Pond Heron (b) the Black Ibis as against जलकाक for the White Ibis, and (c) the Blue Rock Pigeon respectively. It may be noted that जल, or वारि-वायस (फाक) also means the Cormorant. In the former काक stands for a bird in general so that भूकाक is a ground-bird' and in the sense of a Corr monant the expression जलकाक means water-crow though it is not always posible to maintain this distinction, e.g., in Cutch the Gujarati names for the Black and White Ibises are रण नो कागड़ो and रण नो घोलो कागड़ो respectively.