पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/१४९

THE FORMATION OF NOUNS 143 diman - 4 gift ’ : daman- 4 giver Other masculine agent nouns of this type are dayman- 4 breaker hhujman- * fertile soman - ' soma-presser There is one secondary formation in -man, aryamdn- ' friendly, allied J . In Avestan there is the same anti- thesis between neuter and masculine man^ stems in Unman - nt, ‘ care 1 : Unman- masc. ' caring for * ; zaeman - nt. ' wakeful- ness ' : zaeman - masc. ' wakeful Formations of this masculine type in Greek are ihpoiv 4 one w 7 ho knows ’ (: iSfiev-at inf.}, rArjfjiwv ‘ enduring rjyc{id)v 1 leader etc. ; in Latin an alimones nom. pL (> aliiponia) is quoted. Masculines with the suffix -san- are very few 7 : Pusdn -, name of a god (cf. pusaryd- above, § 5), vfsan - 'male uksan - 1 ox ' (Engl, ox, oxen , Welsh ych, pi .ychen, Toch. oAso). The last two involve extended roots with incorporated $-suffix ( vaks vrs-) and from that point of view may be classed as an-stems. A feminine stftt-stem appears in ydsan- 1 woman Masculine tan-stems are not found in Sanskrit, but appear occasionally in other languages : Av. marHan- ' mortal aiwixsaitan- ' dweller, occupier Gk. t 4 ktwv, yclroiv 4 neigh- bour '. The compound suffix -in- is one of the most productive adjectival suffixes in the language. It may appear in primary formations, arcin- * shining but it is used much more fre- quently in secondary formations with a possessive sense, asvin- 4 possessing horses dhanin - 4 wealthy paksin- 4 w 7 inged etc., etc. Such adjectives may be formed in any number from stems in -a and - d , in w r hich case the final vowel of the stem is replaced by -in-, and less frequently from other stems, e.g. svanin - ' keep- ing dogs savasin - ' strong The suffix has invariably the accent, which is proper to these adjectival types, but it is in- variably in the weak grade, which cannot be original, and this is associated with the formation of a new 7 analogical, form of nom. sg. in f. Originally there must have been vrddhi.in the nom. sg. and vrddhied forms of this formation are found in other languages (Gk. ovpavia)V€s , etc"). In Latin there are some feminine action nouns w r hicb use the same formation (just as bhumdn- 4 abundance J , etc., have taken on the form proper to action nouns, see above, § 6), legio, legionis, etc. These have likewise generalised the strong form. The original system with alternation of strong form in nom. sg. and w f eak form in gen. sg., etc., is preserved in Oscan which uses a weak form of the stem