पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/१६०

154 THE FORMATION OF NOUNS this suffix (- wn -), and, as often elsewhere, retraction of the accent. These formations are not very common and some of them from quite an early period were misunderstood as if they were compounds with anta- ' end 1 as second member. For this reason the variant forms, vesdnta-, simdnta- occur. It is not un- likely that some other apparent compounds of this type, e.g. kar mania- ' work, business ' (Pa. kammanta- ), which only occur in the latter form, are corruptions of this type. §n. Thematic Formations with Vrddhi of Suffix We have seen above that there exist two quite distinct ways of making adjectives and agent nouns on the basis of the primitive neuter suffixes. In addition there is a series of forma- tions which must be classified by themselves, since they par- ticipate in the characteristics of both the above types. They are thematic formations, frequently accented on the final syllable, but at the same time the suffix to which the thematic vowel is attached, has vrddhi, like the agent nouns of the type brahman - in the norm sg. In this respect they represent a cross between the two systems, and they appear to be thematic ex- tensions of formations of the brahman - type, based on the nom. sg. For instance we may explain Vedic karmara- ' smith r as follows. From the evidence of Hittite and Greek it is clear, as shown above, that the neuter man- stems were originally alter- nating steins with nom. acc. sg. in -mar. We have also seen that on the basis of all these neuter suffixes in r and n , simple and compound, adjectives and agent nouns could be made by the method illustrated by brahman Instances in connection with most of the suffixes were quoted. On this analogy we might expect on the basis of *kdrmar nt. (obi. base karman-) an agent noun *karm&r. Vedic karmara- is a thematic extension of such a form, and it has been already pointed out above that this tendency to thematisation, which is familiar from the later history of Indo-Aryan, had already been operating in the pre- historic period. Another formation of this type appears to be mdrjdrd- ' cat but they are exceedingly rare from r-stems. On the other hand . such formations^are, co mmon in the case of the R-sulfixes^ and m part icul ar they hay e_given ris e to a se ries oFmiddle^p^iciplesJa^Sa to which nothing exactly cor- ^ responds in the other languages.