THE FORMATION OF NOUNS 157 sdnd 4 army sthUna 4 post dhdnd 4 milk-cow The gradation - and is common, the words being accented either on the last syllable or the penultimate (for accent of ^-sterns see below, p. 191) : arhdnd 4 worth barhdnd ‘ might vadhand 4 slaughter vandnd 4 desire ' ; asand ‘ missile jar mid 4 old age 1 , dyotand
- brilliance rasand 1 rein hasana , With these action nouns
in -and compare the Greek type v&ovr} 4 pleasure There are a few such formations in -i and -u : rdtri- 4 night tandri - 4 sloth nabhanu - 4 spring Stems are frequently made by the addition of i and u to the r and n suffixes. (a) The suffix -i serves as an enlargement of r-stems in dngh-r-i masc. 4 foot ' (cf. 0. SI. noga 4 foot ' from different gradation of root) abhri- fern. 4 hoe dsri- fern. 4 edge, point anguri fem. 4 finger Adjectives are arcatri - 4 singing hymns dtri- 1 devouring bhuri- 4 abundant subhri- 4 beautiful jasuri- 4 exhausted dasuri- ' pious sdhuri - 4 mighty ' (cf. Gk. ixvpos, oxvpds ' firm ' with thematic suffix) ; nouns of adjec- tival origin, surd- 4 patron ’ (J ~su- t as the instigator of the sacri- fice), vddhri- 4 a castrated animal ’ (: vadhar ; Gk. Zdpis 4 id/). The suffix -i is in the same way added to the w-suffix in (fem.) sreni- 4 row sroni- ( hip sfni- {srni-) 4 sickle jurni- 4 heat jydnd- 4 loss gland- 4 fading ' ; (masc.) ghfni - 4 heat yoni d womb The suffix -ni is used to form a number of adjectives and nouns of adjectival origin. Such are asni- 4 eating vdhni- 'carrying' (later 'fire'), turni- 'speeding 1 , dharni- 4 sustaining ', preni- 4 loving pfsni- 4 speckled ' (cf. Gk. TTtpKvos with thematic suffix) ; of adjectival origin, agni- 4 fire '. With the gradation -and there are such nouns as (fem.) dyotand- 4 brilliance ', variant 4 track ', ardni- 4 firestick ' (ar- 4 to fit ', alternating r in atari - 1 door-leaf Adjectives are tardni- 4 swift cardni- 4 moving etc. Similar formations from the compound n-suffixes are : hrdduni - fem, 4 hail tuvisvani- 4 powerful ' {-vani as secondary suffix), aratni- masc. 4 elbow, cubit J , i$tdni r .e pithet of Agni, turvani- 4 overcoining bhurvdni- 4 agitated susukvani- 4 shining par sand- 4 carrying across saksdni- 4 overcoming carsand - ‘ active 1 ; no longer of clear derivation, vrsnd- 4 ram pdrsni - fem. 4 heel ' (Gk. rrripva, etc.). (b) The w -suffix in combination with r produces occasional neuter nouns, asru 4 tear ' (Toch. A. dkdr, plur. dkru-nt), imairu 4 beard and some adjectives, dhdru 4 suckling ' (Gk. 0i]Av?
