पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/१६५

THE FORMATION OF NOUNS 159 the oblique cases. There are rare examples of this switch of accent in declension, e.g. bhiyds- * fear ' (transfer to fem.) instr. sg. bhtsd (beside bhiydsa ). Some twenty-five dative infinitives are formed with this suffix. These are sometimes accented on the root, dyase ‘ to go cdksase 4 to see dhiyase 4 to cherish but much more commonly on the suffix, reuse ‘ to praise cardse 4 to fare jtvdse ‘ to live dohdse ‘ to milk bhojdse 4 to enjoy sobhdse 4 to shine J , spurdhdse 4 to strive ’, etc. The origin of this anomalous accentuation, which is in contrast both with usual fixed radical actent of as- stems and with the original termina- tional accent of the oblique cases, is not at all clear. It may be noted that it recurs in other types of infinitive : davdne 4 to give vidmdne ‘ to know In a very few dative infinitives based on the 5-suffix terminational accent is found with reduc- tion both of root and suffix : jise ‘ to conquer siuse 4 to praise The normal locatival accent appears in updsi * in the lap ' (only this form), cf. aksdni , etc. The related adverbial accent appears in purds 4 in front liras 4 across ' and mithds 4 mutu- ally 1 ; cf. avdr , etc. There are a few instances of transference of gender in the case of action nouns in -as. Such are, (masc.) lavas - ' strength ' (as well as * strong 1 adj.), fem. jards- 4 old age ’, bhiyds- 4 fear ' and usds- 4 dawn ' (cf. Gk. Tjajs), These appear mainly to be due to personification. The transference involves the adoption of the adjectival accent (as in bhumdn- 4 abundance ', etc., above). This neuter suffix was capable from an early period of being extended by the addition of the neuter r- and ^-suffixes. Examples of this (sirsnds, dosnas, gen. sg., etc.) have been given above, together with derivatives from such stems (matsard-, mandasdna -, etc.). It could also be added to other suffixes, pro- ducing a variety of compound suffixes, e.g. : -las in rdtas 1 seed srotas 4 stream ' (simple l- stem in sravat) ; -nas in reknas- r in- heritance, property J , dpnas - ‘ wealth J , drnas- 4 flood ', and, preceded by i and t, drdvinas- 4 property pdrtnas- ‘ abund- ance ' ; -5A5 (repetition of the suffix) in daksas- * ability, dexterity ' (simple -as in daias-ydti) and pdksas- 1 side ’ (simple -as in pajas) ; -vas in pivas - 4 fat vdrivas- 1 expanse This latter combination normally appears in the weak form -us :