THE FORMATION OF NOUNS I&3 (vdlsa- 4 foliage ') , yaksd - 4 supernatural being ' ( yasas - 4 beauty '), s' usd- 4 strong ' ( sdvas - * strength '), paksd - 4 side ' (pdjas- 1 side, surface '), ruksd - 4 rough, dry ' (/ms-), drapsd - 1 banner ' (Av. drafsa - ; cf. drdpi - r mantle '), drapsd - 4 drop ' (for *drabiha- y cf. Gk. rpepaj, etc.), grapsa - and glapsa - 4 bunch ' ( *grabzha- t fgrabh-), saksa - 4 overpowering ’ (saAas- 'strength'), hamsd-
- goose ' (Gk. etc.). In a smaller number of words, chiefly
substantives, the accent appears on the root , dins a- 1 shoulder' (t™* (Lat. umerus with guna of suffix), utsa - 'spring' (Gk. tJSo? nt.), rksd- 4 star ' (arc- r to shine '), ddksa- ' clever ' (cf. dasas- ydti), gftsa- 4 dexterous, able J . - asd : vacasd- 1 eloquent anjasd- 1 straight arnasa - 4 flow- ing tamasd- 1 dark-coloured ', nabhasd- 4 cloudy ”, rajasd- 1 dusty rabhasd- r wild manasd - 4 wise upanasd - 4 being near a w r aggon vetasd- 4 reed camasd - 4 cup pivasd- 1 fat divasd- 4 day prapyasd - 1 swelling (with milk) Thematic extensions of neuter as-stems, such as are common in the case of the suffixes r and n t are rare if they exist at all. It is possible that ydvasa- (masc. and nt.) might be of this origin, but otherwise such neuter nouns in -asa as occur are oxytone, a fact which indicates their adjectival origin: an k asd - 4 flank avasd - 4 refreshment atasd- 1 bush p annas a- 1 abundance Adjectival derivations with vrddhi are ay asd- 4 made of metal vayasd - 4 bird manasd- 4 belonging to the mind ' and so forth. Similar adjectival formations from the is- and us- stems occur : tavisa- 4 strong bharisa - 1 rapacious mahisd- 4 great ; buffalo ' ; parusa- 4 knotty (as reed) ; rough parusd- 4 grey, speckled white ' (Av. pourusa - ; cf. Engl, fallow , etc.), arusa - 4 red ' ; with vrddhi, vapusd- ‘ wonderful The radical accent of ndhusa- 'neighbour', mdnusa - 'man' and vdpusa- 4 won- drous ' is connected with the fact that the corresponding us- stems are themselves used adjectivally without change of accent. Similar accent is found in tdrusa - 4 overcoming ' and pUrusa -, purusa- 4 man ' (related to puru- 4 man ; n. of a tribe ’ as mdnusa - is related to mdnu -), There are a few closely related formations in -Isa and -usa (iju + s + a), rjtsd- epithet of Indra, angusd - 4 hymn 1 and the neuters purls a- 4 rubbish kdrlsa - 4 dry cow-dung ' and pnyUsa- 1 beest milk ' (cf. pipyusi and Gk. nvos <*pyusos)>
