पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/१७५

THE FORMATION OF NOUNS 169 juti - * speed dhtti- ' thought *, pusti - 4 prosperity *, bhakti- ‘ sharing *, Mrtf- ‘ maintenance *, rna/t- ‘ thought stuti- 1 praise This lack of rule in the accentuation is characteristic also of the simple - i stems, as will be noted below. In Greek the accent is normally on the root, but since the radical vowel in these formations, in Greek as in Sanskrit, appears always in the weak grade, it cannot have been there unchanged from the be- ginning. Compared with the general system— accent and guna of root for action nouns and vice versa for agent nouns — these formations present a striking anomaly, and it is not now pos- sible to say what particular developments in early Indo- European were responsible for this state of affairs. Examples of this formation are abundant also in Greek and a number of parallel forms can be quoted : dpaciti - ‘ retribu- tion *, Gk, olttot 1015 ' id * ; ksiti - 1 dwelling Av. siti- t Gk. ktiois 4 settlement 1 ; ksiti- ‘ destruction Gk. <f>6iats ; A-huti - ‘ obla- tion Gk. r pouring out * ; sruti - ‘ flowing Gk. pvais ; pluii- ' floating *, Gk. ttXvois ; gait- ' going *, Gk. pdcn?, cf. Goth. ga-qumps ; tati - 4 stretching, row Gk. ramj. In Latin they have been replaced by a still further developed suffix -tion made by adding the vrddhied w-suffix to the -ti. T^hese are feminines because the ti- abstracts on which they are based were feminine: mentio (Skt. maii-) iunctio (Skt.ywAri-,Gk. etc. The gradation -ati appears in a number of examples : amhait- ‘ distress drsati- ‘ appearance *, mithati - 4 conflict vasati- 4 abode *, paksati- 4 root of the wing A few datives of ri-stems are classed as infinitives : istdye 1 to refresh pttaye 4 to drink vttaye ‘ to enjoy sdtdye ‘ to win *, utdye 4 to help There are also a number of ti - stems functioning as agent nouns, mainly in the early language : jndti - ‘relation (: Lith. gentis ‘ id *), patti-, padati- 4 footsoldier addhdti * sage rati- 4 liberal *, dhuti - ‘ shaker *, sdpti- ' steed dhfsti - ‘ bold *, ptiti- ' putrid visit- * eager ' ; dmati - ‘ poor sthapdti 1 governor ; architect vrkdti- 4 robber r dmati- ‘liking to stay*, p-dti - ‘master *. 1 The position of the accent is subject to no rule, as is the case with the action nouns, and the two classes are not distinguished in the usual way. 1 From pa - ' to protect, govern That the i in this word is suffixal is evident from its absence in Gk. & 4 <rncn.va* ’’Therefore pdti~ is to c pd- (nr pa-, etc.) as vrkdti- to vfka ->