पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/२०३

THE FORMATION OF NOUNS 197 original meaning ' curved, coiled saphd- 4 hoof ' ( 4 striker ^ cf. Gk. K07TT0J and SL kopyto), sindhu- 4 river ' for sind-n-u-, of. syand- 4 to flow 1 ; sddhis- 4 seat, abode 1 for sad-a-is- : sad - * to sit * ; aghd - 4 wicked 1 perhaps from an *dgan side by side with agas } Gk. ayos 4 sin § 19 . Other Suffixes Of the remaining suffixes the most important is the suffix -ha. In other IE languages the element k may appear as a non- thematic suffix : Lat. senex 4 old man Gk. ixelpa^ * lad, lass This state of affairs has disappeared in Sanskrit, which has corresponding to these forms the thematic stems sanakd- 4 old ’ and maty aka- 4 young man The suffix rarely appears in primary formations in Sanskrit ; such cases are iuska- 4 dry J (Av. huska-) t sldka - 4 call ; fame ; verse ' (: sru- 4 to hear ’) and dtka- 4 garment ' (Av. ahka -). Normally it is added after vocalic suffixes, in particular after the thematic vowel. The latter type is rare in other IE languages but in Sanskrit it is exceedingly frequent. Examples are durakd - 4 distant vamraka - 4 ant arbhakd - 4 small kumdraka - 4 little boy putrakd - 4 little son It is often simply an extension which adds nothing to the mean- ing, but also it has in some cases a diminutive sense seen in the last two examples. More rarely it is used to form adjectives from nouns : dntaka - 4 making an end rupaka - 4 having an assumed form '. Other vocalic suffixes are likewise extended : aviki 4 sheep 1 (O. SI. ovica) i mrdlkd - nt. 4 grace ", dhdnuka 4 cow ghdtuka - 4 killing jatukd 4 bat It is more rarely added to consonantal suffixes : amyaskd- 4 thinner masttska- 4 brain ", viksinatka- 4 destroying The feminine of the com* bination -ika is extended beyond its original field ( avika , etc.) and it comes to function as the feminine to masculines in -aka : kumdraka - 4 little boy kumdrika 4 little girl etc. Suffixal k is followed by i and therefore palatalised in mdrfci - 4 ray of light J and svitici- 4 bright It is followed by -u in a few formations like pfddku - 4 water-snake * and yuviku- 4 be- longing to you two The corresponding suffix in the cetttara-languages is k to which in Sanskrit s is the most frequent corresponding sound. But in the case of this suffix such s appears only rarely, e.g. yuvasd - 4 young * (Lat. iuvencus), r omasa- 4 hairy # , babhruid - 4 brown kapisa- 4 tawmy