पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/२५१

THE DECLENSION OF NOUNS 245 heteroclitically, and they have lost connection with the masc.- iem. r- (r-) stems. On the other hand Sanskrit creates a new adjectival type of neuter in -r which has no prototype in IE. This differs from the masc.-fem. in the nom.-acc. as usual (( dhdtf , dhdtrni, dhdtfni), and also in the weak cases by inserting after the style of the neuters in i and u (dhdtrnd, etc.). It is not of frequent use. § 7 . Stems in i and u Sing. N. agnts, stinus ; vari t mddhu, Acc. agnim, sunum , I. agnind , sunilnd ; gatyd , dhenva, D. agndye , siindve ; pdtye , paive ; v arine, mddhune ; gdtyai , dhenvat ; Ab. G. agnds , sunos ; dvyas, mddhvas ; v Arinas, mddhunas ; gdtyds, dhenvas, L. agnau, sunau ; sdno, sanavi t sanuni ; gatydm, dhenvAm ; V. dgne, sfino. Du. N.A. agni t sunA, I. D. Ab. agnibhydm , sunubhydm, G. L. agnyds, sunvos ; varinos, ntddkunos , Pl. N. agndyas , sunavas ; ^ryas ; suct(ni), purU(ni). Ac. agnin , sunun ; dhentis ; aryds, pasvds , I. agnibhis , sunubhis, D. Ab. agnibhyas, sunubhyas, G. agnindm, sununam , L, agnisu, sunusu. The most ancient and fundamental division of these stems is between the neuters on the one hand and the masculine- feminines on the other. The latter two classes were originally identical in declension and the distinction between them which is observed in Sanskrit is a secondary development. On the other hand the distinction between the neuter and masc.-fem. types [mddhvas : agnds) which is caused by variation of accent goes back to an ancient period of Indo-European. The inflection of the neuters was effected by the addition of the normal endings, which in the weak cases originally bore the accent (Gk. Sovpos , yov vos), and in this respect it did not in principle differ from that of the consonantal stems. This type of declension was not originally confined to the neuters (see below, sdkhye t etc.), but the special type developed by the masc.- fem. class as a result of their suffixa! accentuation ( agndye , agnSs) was foreign to them. In Sanskrit the accent has become fixed on the root throughout the declension, mddhvas gen. re- placing *madhvds, as in other neuter stems. A few traces remain. The IE declension of the neuter w-stem meaning * domestic animal ' was of the type p6ku t pekwds . Corresponding to these forms Sanskrit has a neuter pdiu (once in RV.) and a gen. sg.