पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/२५६

THE DECLENSION OF NOUNS 250 kavayam , cf, pi tar am), as opposed to the vrddhi in Skt, sdkhd- yam t Av. haxdim . In the gen. sg. in Avestan the gunated suffix normally appears, but once apparently it is inflected on the analogy of the heteroclitic neuters ( kzvino t cf. varinas). A vrddhied nom. sg. in -dus appears in Iranian in the case of some w-stems : Av. hiOdus 4 associate ', uzbazdus * with arms aloft' (and uyra°) ; 0 . Pers, dahyduL These have developed from the asigmatic vrddhied nom. sg. by the secondary addition of the nom. sg. -s. The adjectival nature of this form of termina- tion emerges clearly from the juxtaposition of uzbdzaui and bdzus ' arm In the acc, sg, we may have the old guna grade preserved (Av, dainhaom) or vrddhi extended from the nom. sg. ( 0 . Pers. dahydum, Av. nasdum ‘ spirit of the corpse '). The contrast between *the acc. sg. pasutn 4 domestic animal ' and frdiat- fsaom ‘ increasing cattle ' illustrates the adjectival nature of this kind of inflection. A similar variation appears between arstim ‘ spear ' and darzyd * arstaem ' having a long spear In the gen, sg. these stems have either the old type of inflection undifferentiated from the neuter {uzbdzvd) t the normal type with guna (daitjJizus), or by later innovation forms with vrddhi (nasdvo). In Greek the adjectives and agent nouns have separated into two types in the case of w-stems. The adjectives have, as in Sanskrit, adopted the endings -us, - urn (-vv) in the nom. acc. sg. 7 toAu£ : purus), at the same time preserving the original suffixal accent. On the other hand the agent-noun type [/ 3 a- cnAetfe, yovevs, povevs, etc.), have developed on the basis of the old vrddhied nom. sg. to which -5 has been secondarily added as in Iranian (-eu? for - rjvs ). The vrddhi is carried through the declension as in the case of certain other types of stem (f 3 acnr}(F)os, cf. Sorrjpos). To return to Sanskrit there is possibly one example of a formation parallel to sdkhd : aprata in RV. viii, 32, 16, nd sdmo _ aprata pape * Soma is not drunk without recompense ' ( prati cf,^ Lat. pretium). This is usually interpreted as loc. sg., but as non-adjectival compounds with a- are against the normal usage of the Vedic language, it is probably better taken as a nom, sg. interpreting the compound as a bahuvrihi The inflectional type of which Avestan preserves traces in examples like uzbazdus is preserved in Skt. dyaus * sky This is conventionally classed as a diphthongal stem, but, ts else-