पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/२६५

NUMERALS, PRONOUNS, IND ECLIN ABLES 259 Lat. amho, Q. SI. oba, Lith. abu t Goth. bai } Engl, both , etc., is not altogether clear. 3. The stem tri- contains a suffix -i which is absent in the ordinal trtiya It is inflected like a normal adjective in -i (nom. pi. trdyas : Gk. Tf>eZ$ } etc.), except in the gen. pi. where trdydnam has replaced an earlier tray dm (: Av. dray am, with guna from the nom. pi. as opposed to Gk. rpitiv, etc.). It pre- serves the alternation of accent in declension : instr. pi. tribhis as opposed to vtbhis ‘ with birds 4. This numeral is formed on the basis of a root k w et- which seems originally to have meant something like 4 angle ’ (cf. Lat. triquetrus 4 triangular '), whence 4 square ' and from that 4 four In the masc. and neut. (catvdras, catvari, Lat. quattuor, etc.) the stem is formed by means of the suffix -i jar, with adjectival accent and vrddhi in the nominative. In the other cases (acc. caturas , etc.) the suffix has the weak form according to the general rule. A neuter noun *cdtvar, or its IE prototype, is pre- supposed by the thematic extension catvara- 4 square, cross- roads Elsewhere the simple r-suffix may appear (Gk. Dor. TeVopcy, Lat. quater), or the elements of the suffix may be reversed (Av. caOruA. The feminine of these two numerals (nom. acc. tisrds , cdtasras : Av. tisro, tatarjrb) is made by means of the suffix - sar , which elsewhere (see p. 141) shows a tendency to become a specifically feminine suffix. In tisrds the -r- of tri- has dis- appeared through dissimilation. The common form of the nom. acc. is in origin accusative. The original forms of the nom. to be assumed for IE, *tisores , *k w etesores t are continued in Celtic : O. Ir. teoir, cetheoir. The numerals from 5-10 have a less developed system of in- flection than the preceding ones. With the exception of the dual ending of astau 4 eight they do not inflect in the nom. acc. In the Vedic language they may appear uninflected also in the other cases : pane a ksitisu 4 in the five tribes sapid hotrbhih 4 with seven priests etc. In Greek and Latin the correspond- ing words are uninflected, also in Germanic when used attribu- tively. This is the oldest state of affairs. The beginnings of inflection may be put in the late IE period, the uninflected type surviving by the side of the new inflected type down to Vedic times. 5. In pahea (: Gk. TreWe, Lat. quinque , etc.), representing IE