पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/२६८

262 NUMERALS, PRONOUNS, INDECLIN ARLES specialisation of these forms as names of the tens is common to Indo-Aryan and Iranian, cf. Av. xsvasti haptditi -, astdili - t navaiti -. The for m of the numeral 80 in Sanskrit is an inde- pendent formation from the root which is not paralleled else- where but which is obviously ancient. It has been replaced in Iranian”By a n o rm al i se 3 “ form based on aHd. 100. The original form of satdm ‘(Av. satdm, Gk, e-Karov, Lat. centum , etc.) w T as *kmtdm, as is clear from Lith simtas. In view of this, and in view of the fact that the -sat- in trimsat , etc., means ' ten the IE original is derived from dkmtom , a neuter collective noun meaning ' a decad (of tens) 1000. sahdsra- (: Av. hazayra-) is connected with Gk. XeiXiot, ^eAAtot (*^€<jAtot) r and the initial element sa- is identi- fied with IE sm- ‘ one, together These two numerals are neuter substantives, but the same variations of construction are found as with the tens. The numerals above a thousand are purely Indian : ayuta - To,ooo', laksd- ‘ 100,000 prayuta- 1 1,000,000 koti- ' 10,000,000 etc. The series is carried to great lengths, particularly among the Jains and Buddhists ( asamkhyeya - = io 140 ), but among the higher numbers there is little agreement in the names between the various texts. Ordinals : 1 prathamd- (Av. fratzma-), 2 dvitiya - (: Av. daibitya bitya-, 0 . Pers. duvitiya -), 3 irtiya - (Av. Or tty a-, Lat. tertius, etc.), 4 (a) caturtha- (Gk. rerapros, Lith. ketvirtas , etc.), (b) turfy a-, turya- (Av. tuirya-), 5 (a) pakthd- RV. 10, 61, 1 (Av. puxha-, OHG. funfto from pyk w t[h)o- : Gk. Trepirros, Lith. penktas, etc. , from peyk w to-) , (b) pancathd -, Kafh. (: Gall.pimpetos, 0. Welsh pimphet), (c) normally pahcama- (Pahl. patijum , Oss. pdnjdm), 6 sasthd- (Gk. <ektos k Lat. sextus ), 7 (a) saptatha-, RV. (Av. haptada-), (b) normally saptamd- (Pers. haftum , Gk. efl&opos, Lat. Septimus , etc.), 8 astamd- (Av. asthma-), gnavama- (Av. naoma- } O. Pers. navama-), 10 dasamd (Av. dasdma , Lat. decimus , etc.). The simplest type of ordinal is made by adding the accented thematic vowel to the numeral in its usual adjectival function : saptam-d- } dasam-d . From these ordinals the formation is further extended to cases where it did not originally belong : astamd as opposed to the more original Gk. oySoo?, Lat. octdvus ; navama- as opposed to Lat. nonus . The suffix -thd, 1. e. -t-n-d- must have originally arisen through the addition of