पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/२७८

272 NUMERALS, PRONOUNS, INDECLIN ABLES this type. Later the pronominal form of the case is not only excluded from the noun, but also in the pronoun it is replaced by the nominal form (tats). The only exception is the stem a- which preserves the old form of instrumental in the later lan- guage (< ebhts : Av. aeibis). In the gen. pi. both in the masc.-neut. and in the feminine an -s- appears between the stem and the termination. The same -5- appears elsewhere : masc. Av. aesam, O. Pers. avaisam , O. SI. techu, 0. Pruss. stetson ; fern. Av. dyham, Gk. raaiv, Lat, istdrum , Osc. eizazun-c. Allowing for the fact that in Germanic (AS. bar a) and Slavonic {techu) the masculine forms have re- placed the feminine in this case, the -s- forms are clearly more widespread in the feminine than in the masculine (e.g. Gk. rao>v but ru)v). This may well indicate that the formation is more original in the feminine, and if so the -s- would be the -s of the nom. pi. ids, to which the gen. pi. termination is added. Apart from the gen. pi. the inflection of the feminine does not differ from that of the nouns in the plural. The thematic pronominal stems that appear in Sanskrit are sdjid- ‘ that ; he, she , it esdjetd - ' this sydjtyd - ' that ", ena- ' him, her, it dma- ‘ this ", avd- ‘ that ", tva- f one, one , . . the other ", kd- ‘ who, which ? ", yd - ‘ who (relative) ", sama - ' any, every ", simd - ' self ", ndma- * a certain ", a-, ana - and imd - "this". The stems sa- and td- combine together to make one paradigm, and they are divided so that sa~ appears in the nom. sg. masc. and fem., and td- elsewhere. In this respect Sanskrit is in agreement with Iranian (Av. hd, ho. hd, tat , etc.), Greek (o, fj , to, etc.) and Germanic (Goth, sa, so, pata, etc.). This con- tinues the IE state of affairs, and wherp t- appears in these two cases (Lith. ids, ia , 0. SI. tu , to) it is an innovation. The absence of the 5 -termination in the nom. sg. masc. was also an original characteristic of this pronoun. In Sanskrit the pronoun has this termination isah] when it appears at the end of a sentence, and in sandhi before vowels it is treated as if it were sds {sa aha, so f dya ). Greek also has a form os * he ", which appears pre- dominantly at the end of a clause, which suggests that this variant form of the nom. sg. goes back to the IE period. For the rest of the paradigm td- follows the regular form of the de- clension of these pronouns, with the possible exception of RV. sdstnin , loc. sg. Since however the meaning of this in some