पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/३२४

318 the verb is constructed are in the main identical with the suffixes of derivation which are met with in the formation of nouns. This is clearly so in the purely thematic formations which have no ending in the proper sense : 2 sg. impv. dja, 3 sg. impf. mid. dduha, 2 pi. pf. vidd. Such formations are in no way to be dis- tinguished from ordinary thematic nominal stems. The same correspondence is generally seen between the ending of the 3 pi. (Skt. -an(t)lanti, IE -ent'-ont) and the suffix which forms present participles (Skt. bhdrant Lat. ferens). In addition it has been pointed out that the relation of the two kinds of ending in the 3 pi., the above and that consisting of or containing an element r, is reminiscent of the alternation found in nominal stems between r and njnt : Gk. v 8 wp, vBaros, etc. Elsewhere too there are features about the verbal terminations which recall those of the nominal suffixes. There appears to exist the same relation between the terminations of the active and middle of the 3 sg. ((d)kar(t), (d)krta) as is found in the nominal suffixes in krt- : krtd The suffix of the 2 pL contains also a -ta which may be equated with the corresponding nominal suffix ( bharata , cf. the nominal stem bharata-). In Indo-Iranian alone there exists a variant ending -tha which functions as primary ending. It is probably no coincidence that Indo-Iranian is also the only branch which shows a suffix -tha beside -ta in the formation of nouns ( yajdtha - ‘ worship ' : yajata- 1 to be worshipped '). The behaviour of the suffix of the 1 pi. is in several ways reminiscent of the corresponding nominal suffix. In the first place the coexistence of two forms, one beginning with w and one with m, which is seen in Hittite, is matched by a similar duality in the infinitival forms containing the same elements : tiyawar, tiyawanzi ; tarnummar , tarnummanzi. In Sanskrit the suffixes -vant and - mant are found in the same way side by side with similar function. Another similarity between the verbal and nominal forms is seen in the variation of the latter part of the suffix : IE wen/wes , menjmes . This is paralleled by the variations in nominal declension, e.g. in the vocatives rtdvas, patnlvas , tuvismas from the stems rtdvan -, pdtnxvant- and tuvismant Correspondences of this kind make clear the original nature of a considerable section of the verbal terminations. By some process of adaptation, the course of which it is not now possible to follow, certain nominal formations became associated with