पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/३३०

THE VERB 3^4 <f>divv 0 {jj) minoti 4 harms, lessens ' (cf. Lat. minuo), dhunoti 4 shakes ’ (cf. Gk. diva* 4 rage ’), trpndti 4 is satisfied rdhnoii 4 thrives apnoti 4 reaches, obtains 4 , asnoti 4 obtains etc. This suffix, which is compounded of n and u t appears also in the formation of nouns, frequently from the same roots, e.g. dhrsnu - 4 bold ' beside dhrsndti 4 is bold In a series of roots the alternative suffix nd (ninth class) appears side by side with nojnu : vrndti : vrndti ; strndti : strndti ; ksinoti : ksinati . A simple suffix «, without the n, often appears in related formations : rnoti, cf. Gk. opovw ; strndti , cf. Goth, stranjan ; vrndti 1 covers cf. vdrutra - ; dhrsndti 4 is bold cf Gk. Bpauvs ; dabhndti 4 injures, deceives J , cf. ddbhuta-* (that cannot be hurt, divine) wonderful ' ; jinoti 4 enlivens cf. jivd- 4 alive ' ; sadhndti 4 accomplishes cf. sadhu- 4 straight, good T he same relation exists between ksurd- 4 razor ’ and ksyduti f sharpens which the complete incorporation of the suffix has caused to be transferred to the root class. In sru- 4 to hear 4 (parte, srutd-, Gk, kAutoss etc.) this u has been incorporated in the root every- where except in the present tense (srndti : IE * kl-n-eu~ti) . In Iranian, by later substitution it appears even here (Av. sitru- naoiti). Verbal classes corresponding to this appear in Greek (opvvpu etc.) and Hittite, where the formation has developed a special causative sense {arnummi, etc.), but in neither case is the old apophony seen in Sanskrit preserved intact. Elsewhere forma- tions of this type have been replaced by thematic formations (Ir. ro cluinethar 4 hears etc.). Thematic formations based on this suffix are found : pinvati 4 fattens J (cf. pinute, Av. pinaoiti) , invati 4 drives, attacks ' (cf. inoti), hinvati 4 impels ' (cf. hi noti) pnvati 4 enlivens 4 (cf. jinoti). In accent and apophony this class conforms to the normal type, with the usual Vedic irregularities, e.g, strong form of suffix in 2 pL (dkrnota(na)) and final accentuation of 3 pi, middle ( krnvatd , vrnvate, etc.). Concerning the form of the endings it may be noted that the u of the suffix may optionally be omitted in the 1 du. and pi. (sunvds, suntnas ; this starts of course in the 1 du.), and that before vocalic terminations - nuv - appears in- stead of -nv- after roots ending in a consonant ( saknuvanti 4 they are able '). The terminations -d of the 3 sg. middle [srnvd 1 is heard sunvd 4 is pressed J ) and ~rd of the 3 pi. ( srnvird , sunvird