पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/३४६

THE VERB 340 4 light To judge by the small number of such forms in Iranian (xsnavisd ‘ I will satisfy 6 ovisi 4 I expect ') it was not to begin with very frequent, but it became more common in Indo- Aryan in accordance with the tendency that is observable everywhere with set forms of the verb. Several different but closely related types of formation have come to be associated with the is- aorist. (1) The suffix -is- (as opposed to -is- with short -i~) is used in the case of the root grabh- 4 to seize ' : agrabhisma . (2) Non-sigmatic formations in -i- (compare abravit , etc., of the present system) appear : agrabhtm , avadhtm, agrhttdm, agrhithds . The normal 2 and 3 sg. of the is-aorist is adapted from this formation, since -is-$ and - is-t cannot phonetically produce -is and -it. (3) Some preterite stems in short -i- (compare presents of the type vamiti ) have been incorporated in this aorist ; atdrima , avadiran, bddhithds f avita , etc. The isolated and anomalous vanusania of the RV. is interest- ing because it is formed on the bases of an -us- stem in the same way as this aorist is founded on - is - stems, but unlike the is- aorist it has never developed to form a system. The aorist forms sthesam , sthesur , desma , jnesam, khyesam, etc., from roots in d are best interpreted as regular f.s'- aorist forms (staH-ts-, etc.). There are corresponding middle forms with weak root as in the examples quoted above : asth-is-i , asthisata , etc. With these are associated certain non-sigmatic forms which were mentioned in connection with the root aorist : asth-i-ta , etc. The sis - Aorist This aorist, which is inflected exactly like the preceding (dydsisam, dyasis, dyasit , etc.) arises from a mixture of the two preceding. It is an innovation of Indo-Aryan, unknown to Iranian, and in the RV. it can be quoted only from two roots (gd- 4 sing yd ‘ go '). More examples are found later but it is never very common. In the classical language it is allowed to be made, in the active only, from roots in d and nam- 4 bow yam- 4 hold ram- 4 be content The sa- Aorist The sa - aorist has the normal thematic inflection and the weak root. The accent on unaugmented forms, when it occurs, is on the suffix (dhuksdn) which is in accordance with the apo- phony. It is made only from roots containing a medial vowel