पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/४५

38 OUTLINES OF THE HISTORY OF SANSKRIT krdlvas) is abandoned, though one type o f special neuter inflec- tion is preserved (* varinas , mddhunas) and a new type of feminine inflection is introduced from the t- stems ( gdtyas , dhenvis). Of the two types of inflection of I- stems, the vrki type is abandoned in favour of the devi type with some influence of the former on the latter (nom. pi. devyds as opposed to devts of the Vedic language), and some isolated survivals (nom. sg. laksmts). The irregular vocatives in -s of the van- and vant- s terns (bhagavas, etc.) are abandoned. Endingless locatives of the type aksdn are abandoned in favour of the fully inflected forms (aksdni or aksni) . The Vedic locative formations from the personal pronouns in -e (asme, etc.) disappear. In the dual the number of cases that can be formed from these pronouns is reduced from five to three by the elimination of the nominative and ablative forms (avdm, ynvdnt ; dvdt.yuvat ). In the conjuga- tion of the verb the classical language simplifies considerably the complicated morphology of the earlier language. The alter- native termination -masi of the ist pers. plural is abandoned, and likewise the long forms of the 2nd plural in - tana , -thana. That form of conjugation in the middle which is characterised by the absence of t in the 3rd singular and the termination r in the 3rd plural (< duke , dnhrd , impf. dduha, dduhra) is abandoned. The old imperatives in -si disappear. The 5- aorist is enlarged in the 2nd and 3rd singular to produce forms more easily recog- nisable (dnaisit for dnais) . The root aorist is confined to roots in long a and the root bhu. Pluperfect forms are eliminated. The most important loss in the verbal structure is that of the subjunctive. This mood is very common indeed in the Veda, and also later till the close of the Brahmana period, but by Panini’s time, apart from forms of the first person incorporated in the Imperative, it had fallen quite out of use. The use of the unaugmented forms classed as Injunctive is confined to con- structions with the prohibitive mi. Modal forms outside the present system cease to be used, as also participles from aorist bases. In place of the great variety of infinitive forms in the Veda, only one, that in -turn is used in the classical language. Similarly old variant forms of the gerund (e.g. in -tvt, - tvdya ) and gerundive (e.g. in 4 va t -enya) disappear. An important difference between the Vedic and the classical language lies in the treatment of the prepositional prefixes attached to verbal roots. In the classical language the prefix